|
表3 常规前处理法与毛细管膜工艺的情况对照
|
系统结构 |
常规前处理法 |
中空纤维膜前处理法 |
|
进水水源 |
敞口取水 |
敞口取水 |
|
滤网 |
粗筛 |
自清洗微筛过滤器,孔径35微米 |
|
原水加氯 |
3ppm |
不需要 |
|
直流絮凝(连续投入试剂) |
5ppm FeCl30.2ppm聚合物 |
不需要 |
|
静态混合器 |
有 |
没有 |
|
胶体过滤设备 |
二级多介质压力过滤器 |
单级中空纤维膜超滤:截流分子量150,000-200,000道尔顿 |
|
反洗方式及频率 |
每8小时用空气擦洗和水反洗1次,设备停运15分钟(3.1%) |
每15分钟脉冲水反洗1次,设备停运30秒(3.3%) |
|
化学清洗 |
不需要 |
每隔4小时 用50ppm NaOCl溶液浸泡10分钟,设备停运时间(4.0%) |
|
过滤速度L/m2·小时(gfd) |
第一级过滤:6(3.5)第二级过滤:10(6) |
100(60) |
|
最大推动压力(巴) |
第一级过滤:0.5第二级过滤:0.8 |
2巴 |
|
保安过滤器精度(微米) |
5—15 |
不需要 |
|
功耗(kwh/m3) |
0.07 |
0.10 |
|
反洗水损失(%) |
4(2.5%+1.5%) |
5 |
|
出水水质SDI |
2—3 |
<1 |
|
除氯,NaHSO3(ppm) |
3 |
不需要 |
|
前处理投资费用($/m3·天) |
100-250 |
150-300 |
结 论
从以上的论述,我们了解到要想降低海水除盐设备的费用,就必须提高海水淡化系统的回收率和水通量,而要实现高回收率,高水通量的首要条件是应具有高质量的进水,因此可以说,进水质量好是取得优质净化水的先决条件。为达此目的,我们推荐这种新的中空纤维膜技术,将其应用到进水的前处理工序中,经几种不同工作条件下实验,结果证明是可行的。该技术与常规前处理工艺相比,价格并不昂贵,同时提供了很高的运行可靠性,并且从海水反渗透脱盐系统整体考虑,降低了生产成本。通过前面做的价格、性能比较,可得出这样一个结论:该技术投资费用和运行费用较低,同时由于进水质量较好,系统可在最佳状态下运行,从而可使总的制水成本降低10%左右。
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