Indoor environment pollution and its prevention and control
Hong Feng1,Chen Lin2,Tang Xiaoyan3.
(1.Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Donghua University,Shanghai 200051;2.Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210037;3.Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,State Environmental Protection Administration of China,Nanjing Jiangsu 210042)
tract: People generally spend more than 80 percent time in staying indoor,but the concentrations of many indoor air contaminations are higher than outdoor ones.The influences of indoor contaminations on human health have got more people’s attentions all over the world and have been forming new research hotspots.This paper presented the main kinds of indoor environmental contaminations, their resources, harmful effects to people’s health and some measures that should be taken to control and reduce indoor air pollution.
Keywords: Indoor environment Pollution Indoor air quality Prevention and control
一天中人们会有80%~90%的时间在室内度过,这里所指的“室内”包括住宅、教室、图书馆、办公楼、商场、候车室、会议室和医院等场所,室内空气质量的好坏直接影响到人们的生理、心理健康。从20世纪60年代,室内空气污染问题在世界范围内引起了广泛的关注,并对室内空气质量(Indoor Air Quality,IAQ)展开了大规模研究,“建筑物综合症”(Sick Building Syndrome,SBS)、“化学物质过敏症”(Multiple Chemical Sensitivity,MCS)和“建筑物关联症”(Building-related illness,BRI)等问题也日趋严重。20世纪80年代,美国环保局EPA经研究得出:通常情况下,挥发性有机化合物室内污染源对人体总暴露的贡献远远高于室外工业污染源。很多研究均证实室内空气中许多污染物的浓度高于室外。为此,世界各国纷纷建立室内环境管理机构,完善室内环境法规。
近几十年来,我国空气污染的污染源和污染物质在不断发生变化。20世纪90年代以前,我国绝大部分人口依*煤和生物质(biomass,如稻麦草秸秆等)作为家庭能源材料,由于煤等燃料不完全燃烧而产生的室内空气污染(Indoor Air Pollution,IAP),其中的污染物质包括SO2、NOx、COx和甲醛类。